Dementia (major neurocognitive disorder)
Significant cognitive decline from a prior level in one or more domains, interfering with independence.
How it presents
memory + at least one of aphasia/apraxia/agnosia/executive dysfunction (DSM-4) or domains per DSM-5; not better explained by delirium or major depression; progressive course typical (Alzheimer's)
Tell it apart from
- Delirium
- Pseudodementia (major depression)
- Mild neurocognitive disorder
- Substance-induced
Treatment reasoning
Cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine) for Alzheimer's; memantine moderate-severe; behavioral management, caregiver support, safety planning.